{"id":3679,"date":"2023-08-14T12:07:13","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T12:07:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/?p=3679"},"modified":"2025-10-19T10:59:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-19T10:59:44","slug":"petrol-engine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-right counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\" >\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\" >\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D9%85%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\" >\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%9F\" >\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\" >\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\" >\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\" >\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\" >\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\" >\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%84\" >\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%84\" >\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\" >\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/petrol-engine\/#%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\" >\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 17\/18\/19):<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (1860s):<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1860\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 (1876):<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1876\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646):<\/strong> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646):<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21):<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/hybrid-engine\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648 (Nikolaus Otto)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1876\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648&#8221;. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633 (Cylinders and Pistons):<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Exhaust Manifold):<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a (Crankshaft):<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 (Camshaft):<\/strong> \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 (Ignition System):<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a (\u0634\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644) \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (Valves):<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f (Fuel System):<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (Cooling System):<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/car-engine-temperature\/\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a (Lubrication System):<\/strong> \u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 (Timing Belt\/Chain):<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 (Regulator):<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d (Condensers and Fans):<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629:-<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Electrical System<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Fuel System<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Cylinders<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Piston<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Spark Plug<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Valves<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Cylinder Head<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Crankshaft<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Cooling System<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Lubrication System<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Exhaust System<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IPQP4sFDDJY\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0629 (\u0634\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644). \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639:<\/strong> \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637):<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637: \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637 (Four-Stroke Engines):<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637: \u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637 (Six-Stroke Engines):<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 (Two-Stroke Engines):<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (Variable Valve Timing Engines):<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648 (Turbocharged Engines):<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u064a (Supercharged Engines):<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u062e \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 (Hybrid Engines):<\/strong> \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646:-<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644:<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/diesel-engine\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626:<\/strong> \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631:<\/strong> \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (Spark) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a (Spark Plugs) \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (Spark Plug Wires) \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f:<\/strong> \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Ignition Coil):<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (MAF Sensor) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (Oxygen Sensor):<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (Idle Air Control Valve) \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 (Catalytic Converter):<\/strong> \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (Engine Overheating):<\/strong> \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0647\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0648\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0637\u0642\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%84\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/difference-between-diesel-petrol-engine\/\">\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644<\/a>:-<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/diesel-engine\/\">\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644<\/a><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/diesel-engine\/\">\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644<\/a> (\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0626\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%84\"><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642:<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f:<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (ECU):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a 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\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643:<\/strong> \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f:<\/strong> \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641<strong>\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/timing-belt-change\/\">\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 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&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3680,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mechanics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3679"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3679\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3684,"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3679\/revisions\/3684"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3680"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syarah.com\/carsguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}